MacOS: Everything About Apple’s Operating System
macOS is the operating system for Apple computers, used by millions of people worldwide. But is it a good choice for data science or software development? Discover everything you need to know about this operating system, its history, and its advantages over Windows or Linux.
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Since its inception in the 1980s, macOS has become one of the most popular operating systems, boasting over 100 million users globally. It has won the hearts of users through its intuitive user interface, remarkable stability, and, above all, its integration with the Apple ecosystem: iPhone, Apple Watch, iCloud…
Today, more than 10% of PCs and laptops are Macintosh, and you have likely worked on such a machine at least once… but do you really know this operating system? We invite you to discover its fascinating history and the features that set it apart from the competition, so there are no more secrets left for you!
The History of macOS: From Its Beginnings to Today
It all began in 1984 with the introduction of the Macintosh. Originally known as System Software, it laid the groundwork for the modern graphical user interface. In 1997, the operating system was rebranded as macOS, with the release of version 7.6. Its revolutionary user interface, combined with a stable architecture, quickly won the favor of users. Over the years, macOS has received several significant updates that introduced new features, improved performance, and enhanced security.
The launch of macOS X in 2011 marked a significant turning point, as it was based on a Unix kernel, providing increased stability and advanced features such as Spotlight, Time Machine, and Launchpad. This version was actually developed based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix-like operating system created by NeXT, a company co-founded by Steve Jobs after his departure from Apple in 1985. When he returned to Apple in 1997, he was keen to bring NeXT’s technologies, which became the foundation for Mac OS X.
Notable versions include Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah, which introduced the Aqua workspace and the Dock in 2001. Later, in 2003, Mac OS X 10.3 Panther significantly boosted performance and brought features like Exposé and an improved Finder.
In 2005, Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger introduced Spotlight, the integrated search engine, and Dashboard, a dedicated area for widgets. Version 10.5, Leopard, released in 2007, brought the integrated backup solution Time Machine and was the first version to support Intel processors. Later, in 2011, Mac OS X 10.7 Lion enhanced the system with Launchpad and multi-touch gestures, as well as full-screen applications.
OS X 10.10 Yosemite in 2014 featured a major visual redesign, the Notification Center, and the Handoff functionality, which offers continuity between Apple devices. Aiming to consolidate its ecosystem, Apple finally renamed its operating system macOS in 2016 to align with the nomenclature of its other platforms: iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The first version under this new name was macOS Sierra, which introduced Siri to the Mac and improved continuity between devices. Since then, macOS has continued to evolve with versions like High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey. Today, the operating system still receives regular updates to adapt to changing user needs and new technological developments, with the latest version being Sonoma, released in 2023.
What Are the Strengths of macOS?
One of the most remarkable features of macOS is its elegant yet intuitive user interface. With its clear design, unique icons, and smooth navigation system, it offers a consistent and enjoyable experience. The design is user-centered, making navigation and task execution easy for new users. Multi-touch gestures and the Touch Bar on the latest MacBooks also provide highly appreciated additional interaction options.
Moreover, unlike other operating systems, macOS users rarely experience crashes or major errors, allowing them to enjoy a hassle-free computing experience. Software and hardware optimizations enable high performance, energy efficiency, and optimal memory management. Recently, Apple has begun producing its own chips for Macs, further enhancing the synergy between OS and hardware.
Another major advantage is the integration with the Apple ecosystem. Thanks to features like Continuity, Handoff, and AirDrop, users can seamlessly switch between devices. They can synchronize their data, applications, and settings across their Macs, iPhones, iPads, and Apple Watches.
The complete suite of integrated apps in macOS for productivity, creativity, and more is also commendable. Applications like Mail, Calendar, Photos, and iMovie provide users with powerful tools for their daily tasks!
Additionally, macOS is designed with a secure architecture that protects users from online threats and malware. It is based on a solid Unix foundation that lends robustness and resilience. Various features guarantee users’ data security and privacy, including Gatekeeper, which checks the sources of downloaded applications, FileVault, which encrypts data, and Safari Sandbox.
For a long time, macOS was regarded as the safest operating system and was virtually considered unhackable among hackers. Unfortunately, this is less true today as cybercriminals become increasingly resourceful in targeting Apple’s operating system…
An Operating System That Stands Out
In addition to its strengths, macOS has unique features that contribute to its attractiveness and functionality. First of all, it is based on a Unix kernel, giving it high stability and compatibility with software and peripherals. The Apple File System (APFS), introduced with macOS High Sierra, is designed to meet the needs of modern devices, offering improved performance, efficient storage management, and enhanced security options like native encryption.
A range of native and exclusive applications, such as Safari, Mail, Messages, Calendar, and Photos, provide a consistent and smooth experience, and many popular third-party applications are only available for Mac, such as Final Cut Pro and Logic Pro.
The Spotlight search feature allows users to quickly find files, applications, emails, and more. Intelligent predictions make navigation and accessing information easier. The Automator tool enables users to automate repetitive tasks without writing code, creating custom workflows that save time and enhance productivity.
Accessibility features like VoiceOver, which reads the screen for visually impaired individuals, and extensive customization options for people with learning difficulties or limited mobility, are also noteworthy.
Moreover, macOS and iOS developers can utilize the integrated development environment Xcode with its advanced features to create and roll out their applications more easily on Apple platforms. Apple is committed to innovation and was one of the first companies to support virtual and augmented reality on its operating system with frameworks like Metal and ARKit. It continues to invest in emerging technologies like AI, with frameworks like Core ML and Create ML.
macOS vs. Windows and Linux: Which Is the Better OS?
So, how does macOS stack up against other popular operating systems? Compared to Windows, it is generally considered more secure, partly due to its smaller market share, making it a less attractive target for cybercriminals. Additionally, the Unix foundation and built-in security features provide extra protection against threats.
Regarding user interface, macOS is praised for its elegance and simplicity, while Windows is often viewed as more flexible and customizable. However, preferences are largely subjective and depend on individual tastes.
Windows, however, is compatible with a wide range of hardware and software, while macOS is limited to Mac computers. Nevertheless, many popular software options are available for both platforms.
Compared to Linux, macOS offers less personalization because Linux is an open-source operating system that gives users complete control over their computing environment. Linux users can also rely on the open-source community for support and resources, while macOS users must turn to Apple’s official customer service.
Despite its advantages, Linux can be more complex and intimidating for new users, which is not the case with macOS, which shines through its simplicity.
